Provincial Nominee Programs (PNPs) allow provinces and territories to nominate immigrants who meet local labour market and economic needs for permanent residence. Each province designs its PNP to address specific workforce shortages—from healthcare workers to skilled trades to entrepreneurs. While immigration is constitutionally federal jurisdiction, PNPs give provinces significant influence over who settles where. Municipalities don't control immigration but must accommodate resulting population changes through housing, services, and infrastructure. Fast-growing cities have advocated for more say in immigration levels affecting them, while smaller communities use PNPs to attract workers and address population decline.