Cannabis legalization refers to Canada's 2018 federal decision to legalize recreational cannabis nationwide through the Cannabis Act. While legalization was a federal decision, it created significant impacts for municipalities including new regulatory responsibilities (zoning for cannabis retail), enforcement costs (impaired driving, public consumption bylaws), and public education needs. Municipalities had limited input into the federal decision but bore implementation costs. Provinces set retail frameworks, with some allowing private stores and others using government-run outlets. Municipal debates have included where retail stores can locate, consumption rules in public spaces, and home cultivation allowances. Cannabis tax revenue flows primarily to federal and provincial governments.