Reserve lands are lands set aside under the Indian Act for the use and benefit of First Nations, held in trust by the federal Crown. Reserves are federal jurisdiction even when located within or adjacent to municipal boundaries, creating complex relationships. Municipalities cannot zone, tax, or regulate reserve lands. First Nations govern their reserves under the Indian Act or self-government agreements. Services like water, roads, and fire protection may require agreements between First Nations and nearby municipalities. Property on reserves cannot be mortgaged in the conventional way, creating barriers to economic development. Relationships between reserves and surrounding municipalities vary widely, from excellent cooperation to significant tensions.