Urban Indigenous people are First Nations, Métis, and Inuit individuals and communities living in cities rather than on reserves or in traditional territories. More than half of Indigenous people in Canada now live in urban areas. This creates jurisdictional complexity: federal programs for Indigenous peoples often focus on reserves, while municipalities provide services to all residents including urban Indigenous populations. Urban Indigenous people may face distinct challenges including cultural disconnection, accessing services, and systemic barriers. Friendship centres and Indigenous organizations provide culturally appropriate services in cities. Reconciliation in urban contexts involves municipalities working with urban Indigenous communities on services, recognition, and addressing historical harms. Urban Indigenous governance and service delivery is an evolving policy area.