The Parti Québécois (PQ) is a Quebec provincial political party founded in 1968, historically advocating for Quebec sovereignty (independence from Canada). The PQ has formed government several times, holding referendums on sovereignty in 1980 and 1995. The party promotes Quebec nationalism, French language protection, and social democratic policies. While the PQ governed Quebec during several periods, it has lost ground to other parties in recent elections. The sovereignty debate has shaped Canadian federalism, constitutional discussions, and intergovernmental relations. Quebec provincial politics, including the PQ's influence, affects municipal governance through provincial policies on language, culture, and Quebec's relationship with the rest of Canada.