The Telecommunications Act is federal legislation governing telecommunications in Canada, establishing federal jurisdiction over telecommunications networks, services, and infrastructure including cell towers, internet service, and broadcasting transmission. Federal jurisdiction limits municipal authority over telecommunications infrastructure placement—municipalities cannot prohibit cell towers but can influence location and design through consultation processes. The Act requires telecommunications companies to consult with land use authorities about tower proposals, but final approval rests with the federal government (Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada). This jurisdictional framework creates tension as municipalities deal with resident concerns about tower locations while having limited authority. 5G rollout and small cell deployment have intensified municipal interest in telecommunications infrastructure planning.