The Federal Contaminated Sites Action Plan (FCSAP) is a program to assess and remediate contaminated land owned by the federal government. Federal properties may be contaminated from historical industrial activities, fuel storage, military operations, or other sources. FCSAP identifies contaminated federal sites, prioritizes cleanup based on risk to human health and the environment, and funds remediation work. For municipalities, this matters because contaminated federal sites within communities can pose risks to nearby residents, limit development opportunities, and create blighted areas. Cleanup enables beneficial reuse of land—often as housing, parks, or commercial development. Municipalities may advocate for prioritization of specific sites affecting their communities. The program represents federal responsibility for environmental liabilities on its own properties, though cleanup timelines can extend many years for complex contamination.