International trade agreements negotiated by the federal government affect municipal operations through provisions covering government procurement, services, and investment. Agreements like CUSMA (Canada-United States-Mexico Agreement), CETA (Canada-EU), and WTO agreements may require municipalities to open procurement to foreign bidders above specified thresholds, limit preferences for local suppliers, or constrain service delivery options. Municipalities weren't historically involved in trade negotiations but increasingly advocate for provisions protecting local government flexibility. The Agreement on Internal Trade (now Canadian Free Trade Agreement) addresses interprovincial barriers including provincial-municipal procurement. Trade agreement implications for municipalities include procurement rules, service delivery constraints, and investor-state provisions that might affect policy choices.