Navigable waters protection refers to federal jurisdiction over waterways used for navigation and federal approval requirements for works affecting them. The Canadian Navigable Waters Act requires approval for bridges, dams, causeways, and other structures that might interfere with navigation on scheduled waters. Municipalities planning bridges or other structures over navigable waters must obtain federal approval alongside provincial and other permits. Environmental considerations and Indigenous consultation may also apply. The scope of federal navigation protection has changed over time, with legislation modifications affecting which waters and works require federal approval. Understanding navigable waters requirements helps municipalities plan waterway infrastructure projects.