A fiscal plan is a multi-year financial planning document projecting revenues, expenditures, capital investments, and financial position over a medium-term horizon (typically 3-5 years). Fiscal plans extend beyond annual budgets to show how financial decisions today affect future years. They project how service levels and tax rates might change, when capital projects will occur, how debt levels will evolve, and whether reserves will remain adequate. Fiscal plans help councils make informed decisions by showing the long-term implications of choices that might seem affordable in any single year but accumulate into unsustainable patterns. Plans typically include assumptions about inflation, assessment growth, provincial grants, and capital needs—and should present sensitivity analysis showing how results change if assumptions prove wrong. Provincial requirements increasingly mandate fiscal planning, recognizing that annual budgets alone don't ensure long-term sustainability.