SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) is a security protocol that encrypts data transmitted between web browsers and servers, protecting sensitive information like passwords, credit card numbers, and personal data from interception. When you see a padlock icon and 'https' in your browser, SSL (or its successor TLS) is protecting the connection. SSL/TLS uses certificates issued by trusted authorities to verify website identity and establish encrypted connections. SSL was developed in the 1990s and has been largely replaced by TLS (Transport Layer Security), though the term 'SSL' remains commonly used. Government websites handling citizen data, online services, and payment systems require SSL/TLS encryption to protect user information and maintain public trust in digital government services.