Transport Layer Security (TLS) is the current security protocol for encrypting internet communications, the successor to SSL (Secure Sockets Layer). TLS protects data transmitted between web browsers and servers, preventing interception of sensitive information like passwords, payment details, and personal data. Websites using TLS show 'https://' and a padlock icon, indicating encrypted connections. TLS uses certificates issued by trusted authorities to verify website identity and establish encrypted sessions. Modern web browsers warn users about sites lacking TLS encryption. Government websites handling citizen data require TLS encryption for security and public trust. TLS versions evolve to address security vulnerabilities—current implementations use TLS 1.2 or 1.3, with older versions being phased out.