An IP address (Internet Protocol Address) is a unique numerical label assigned to every device connected to a computer network. Like a mailing address identifies your home, an IP address identifies your computer, phone, or other device on the internet, allowing information to be sent to the right location. IP addresses come in two formats: IPv4 (like 192.168.1.1) and the newer IPv6 (longer addresses accommodating more devices). Understanding IP addresses matters for municipal IT staff managing networks, for cybersecurity monitoring, and for citizens concerned about online privacy since IP addresses can reveal approximate geographic location.