Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) technology enables telephone calls over internet connections rather than traditional telephone lines. VoIP converts voice into digital data transmitted like other internet traffic. Services range from computer-based calling (Skype, Teams calls) to VoIP phone systems replacing traditional office phone systems. Advantages include lower costs (especially for long-distance), integration with other digital services, flexibility for remote work, and advanced features. Disadvantages include dependence on internet connectivity and potential quality issues. Many organizations have replaced traditional phone systems with VoIP. Municipal operations increasingly use VoIP for cost savings and functionality. Emergency 911 services have adapted to handle VoIP calls, though location identification can be more complex than with traditional landlines.