The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to everyday physical objects embedded with sensors and internet connectivity, allowing them to collect and exchange data. In municipal contexts, IoT includes smart traffic signals that adjust timing based on traffic flow, water meters that report usage remotely, environmental sensors monitoring air quality, and streetlights that dim when no one is present. IoT technology helps municipalities operate more efficiently, reduce costs, and respond to issues faster. However, connected devices also create cybersecurity concerns and privacy considerations that local governments must address through policies and technical safeguards.