Transport Canada is the federal department responsible for transportation policy, safety regulations, and oversight across all transportation modes—air, marine, rail, and road (for interprovincial matters). The department sets safety standards for vehicles, certifies airlines and pilots, regulates marine transportation, oversees rail safety, and manages dangerous goods transportation. Transport Canada operates the Transportation Safety Board investigates accidents. The department also manages federal transportation infrastructure and programs. While municipalities deal with local roads and transit, Transport Canada's regulatory decisions affect local transportation systems—airport operations, railway crossings, vehicle standards, and transportation of dangerous goods through communities all involve Transport Canada authority. Federal transportation policy increasingly considers environmental sustainability and emissions reduction.