Infrastructure Canada is the federal department responsible for infrastructure policy and managing federal infrastructure funding programs. The department administers major funding initiatives including the Investing in Canada Infrastructure Program, Canada Community-Building Fund (formerly Gas Tax Fund), and various targeted programs supporting transit, green infrastructure, and community facilities. Infrastructure Canada negotiates bilateral agreements with provinces that govern how federal infrastructure funding flows to municipalities, establishes program criteria and priorities, and manages reporting requirements. The department doesn't build infrastructure directly—it provides funding to other orders of government and manages the accountability framework. Infrastructure Canada's priorities significantly influence what types of municipal projects receive federal support. The department also develops infrastructure policy, conducts research, and works with other federal departments on infrastructure-related issues. For municipalities, Infrastructure Canada is a crucial partner for major capital projects.