Spam refers to unsolicited bulk electronic messages, most commonly unwanted commercial emails but also including text messages and social media messages. Spam ranges from annoying advertising to dangerous phishing attempts trying to steal personal information or spread malware. Canada's Anti-Spam Legislation (CASL), enforced by the CRTC, regulates commercial electronic messages, requiring consent before sending marketing communications and providing mechanisms to unsubscribe. CASL is among the strictest anti-spam laws globally. Organizations must comply with consent and unsubscribe requirements or face significant penalties. Email providers and security software include spam filters to reduce unwanted messages reaching users, though some spam inevitably gets through while legitimate messages sometimes get filtered incorrectly.