In the oil and gas industry, midstream refers to the segment between extraction (upstream) and refining/retail (downstream), encompassing transportation, storage, and initial processing of petroleum products. Midstream infrastructure includes pipelines, rail transport, storage terminals, and processing facilities that prepare raw products for refineries. Midstream companies operate the pipeline networks crossing Canadian provinces and extending to export markets. While energy development is provincial jurisdiction with federal involvement in interprovincial matters, municipalities along pipeline routes address land use, emergency response planning, and property tax assessment of linear infrastructure. Midstream projects often generate significant municipal tax revenue.