Electrical transmission refers to moving large amounts of electricity at high voltages over long distances from power plants to distribution systems that serve end users. Transmission lines typically operate at 69,000 to 765,000 volts, with substations stepping down voltage for local distribution. Transmission infrastructure includes towers, wires, substations, and control systems. Provincial utilities or independent system operators manage transmission networks, ensuring reliability and coordinating electricity flow. Transmission line siting is often controversial due to visual impact, property concerns, and electromagnetic field debates. Transmission constraints can limit electricity markets and renewable energy integration. Significant transmission investment is needed to support clean energy transitions by connecting remote renewable generation to demand centres.