Solar photovoltaic (PV) technology converts sunlight directly into electricity using semiconductor materials in solar panels. When sunlight hits PV cells, it generates an electrical current that can power buildings, feed into the electrical grid, or charge batteries. Solar PV has become increasingly cost-competitive, with installations ranging from residential rooftop systems to large utility-scale solar farms. Provincial policies affecting solar adoption include net metering (crediting solar generation against electricity consumption), feed-in tariffs, rebate programs, and grid connection rules. Municipal roles include zoning provisions for solar installations, permitting processes, and sometimes community solar programs. Canada's solar capacity has grown significantly, though it remains smaller than hydro or wind in the overall electricity mix.