Hydroelectric power (often called simply "hydro" in Canada) generates electricity by harnessing the energy of flowing or falling water. Water passes through turbines that spin generators, converting kinetic energy into electricity. Canada is a global hydroelectric leader, with hydro providing about 60% of total electricity generation. Major facilities include massive dams in Quebec, British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, and Newfoundland and Labrador. Hydroelectricity offers advantages: it's renewable, produces minimal greenhouse gas emissions during operation, can be stored by retaining water, and provides reliable baseload power. However, dam construction can flood large areas, disrupt ecosystems and fish habitat, displace communities, and affect Indigenous rights. In Ontario, "hydro" colloquially refers to electricity itself (from the province's historical reliance on hydropower), hence "hydro bill" meaning electricity bill. Climate change affects hydroelectric production through changing precipitation patterns and seasonal water availability.