Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is technology that captures carbon dioxide emissions from industrial sources or power plants before they enter the atmosphere, then transports and stores the CO2 underground in geological formations. Alberta has invested significantly in CCS given its large oil and gas industry, with projects storing CO2 in deep saline aquifers and depleted oil fields. Proponents see CCS as necessary to reduce emissions from hard-to-decarbonize industries while maintaining economic activity. Critics argue CCS is expensive, energy-intensive, and extends fossil fuel dependence rather than transitioning to cleaner alternatives. CCS is distinct from carbon capture and utilization (CCU), which uses captured CO2 in products.