A smart meter is a digital device that records electricity, water, or gas consumption in intervals and communicates that data to utilities electronically, replacing traditional meters that require manual reading. Smart meters enable time-of-use pricing where rates vary by time of day, encouraging conservation during peak periods. Customers can access detailed consumption data to understand and manage their usage patterns. Utilities benefit from reduced meter reading costs, faster outage detection, and better demand forecasting. Smart meter rollouts have occurred across much of Canada, though some consumers have raised privacy or health concerns. Smart meters are foundational infrastructure for smart grid capabilities and demand response programs.