Traffic calming encompasses physical design measures that slow vehicle speeds and reduce traffic volumes on residential and other local streets to improve safety and livability. Common traffic calming measures include speed bumps/humps, curb extensions (bulb-outs), narrowed lanes, raised crosswalks, chicanes (offset roadways), and traffic circles. Traffic calming addresses resident concerns about speeding and cut-through traffic while making streets safer for pedestrians and cyclists. Municipalities evaluate traffic calming requests against criteria considering traffic volumes, speeds, collision history, and community support. Installation involves balancing traffic management goals with emergency vehicle access, maintenance requirements, and diverse resident preferences. Traffic calming reflects broader shifts toward complete streets prioritizing all users rather than vehicle throughput alone.