Pavement is the constructed surface layer of roads, parking lots, and other traffic areas, typically made of asphalt (flexible pavement) or concrete (rigid pavement). Asphalt pavement is more common for municipal roads due to lower initial cost and easier repair, while concrete is more durable but expensive and difficult to patch. Pavement condition significantly affects driving experience, vehicle wear, and municipal maintenance costs. Pavement management systems track road conditions, predict deterioration, and prioritize maintenance investments. Regular maintenance including crack sealing and surface treatments extends pavement life, while neglect leads to expensive rehabilitation or reconstruction.