Frost heave is the upward movement of ground caused by ice formation in soil during freezing conditions. When water in soil freezes, it expands and draws additional water upward through capillary action, forming ice lenses that lift the ground surface. This process damages roads, sidewalks, foundations, and underground utilities by creating uneven surfaces, cracks, and structural stress. Spring thaw compounds damage when ice melts and saturated soil loses support capacity, leading to potholes and pavement failures. Canadian municipalities spend significant resources addressing frost heave damage annually. Prevention strategies include proper road construction with adequate gravel base to prevent water accumulation, drainage improvements, and ensuring building foundations extend below the frost line. Frost heave is a major factor in infrastructure design and maintenance costs across most of Canada.