Lane markings are painted or applied lines on road surfaces that separate traffic lanes, indicate permitted movements, and guide drivers. White lines separate traffic moving in the same direction, while yellow lines separate opposing traffic flows. Solid lines indicate no lane changing or passing, while dashed lines permit crossing. Municipalities maintain lane markings on local roads, requiring regular repainting as markings fade from weather and traffic wear. Clear lane markings are crucial for road safety, especially in poor visibility conditions. Special markings include crosswalks, stop bars, turn arrows, and symbols indicating bike lanes or reserved transit lanes.