An electric vehicle (EV) is a vehicle powered entirely or primarily by electricity stored in batteries, rather than gasoline or diesel. Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) run exclusively on battery power, while Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) combine batteries with gasoline engines for extended range. EVs produce no tailpipe emissions, significantly reducing air pollution and greenhouse gases when charged from clean electricity. Advantages include lower fuel and maintenance costs (fewer moving parts, no oil changes). Challenges include higher purchase prices (though declining), range limitations, charging infrastructure availability, and charging time. Federal and provincial incentives encourage EV adoption through purchase rebates, charging infrastructure funding, and emissions regulations. Municipalities are installing public charging stations, converting their own fleets, and updating building codes to require EV-ready parking. EV adoption is growing rapidly as technology improves and more models become available.