An autonomous vehicle (AV), commonly called a self-driving car, is a vehicle capable of navigating and operating without human input. AVs use sensors, cameras, radar, artificial intelligence, and mapping technology to perceive their environment and make driving decisions. Autonomy ranges from Level 1 (driver assistance features like cruise control) to Level 5 (full autonomy requiring no human intervention). While fully autonomous vehicles are still being developed and tested, they promise to transform transportation by improving safety, increasing mobility for those who cannot drive, and changing urban planning. Canadian governments are developing regulations for testing and eventually deploying AVs on public roads.