A stud is a vertical structural member in wall framing, typically made of wood or steel, that provides the structural framework for walls and supports loads. Wood studs are commonly 2x4 or 2x6 dimensional lumber spaced at regular intervals (usually 16 or 24 inches on centre). Studs transfer loads from above to the foundation and provide surfaces for attaching wall sheathing, drywall, and finishes. Building codes specify stud requirements including size, spacing, and bracing based on structural loads and wall height. Steel studs are common in commercial construction due to fire resistance and dimensional stability. Wall insulation fits between studs. Understanding stud locations is important for hanging heavy items, running wiring, or making modifications to walls.