In construction, a column is a vertical structural member that transfers loads from beams and floors above down to the foundation below. Columns carry compressive forces (weight pressing down) and are fundamental elements in building structures. They can be made of concrete, steel, wood, or masonry depending on the building type and loads. Building codes specify column sizing, spacing, and reinforcement requirements to ensure structural safety. When you see exposed columns in parking structures, industrial buildings, or architectural designs, you are seeing these essential load-bearing elements that keep buildings standing.