Protected Health Information (PHI) refers to personal medical information that must be safeguarded under privacy laws. In Canada, provincial health information privacy legislation governs how healthcare providers, insurers, and others handle medical records. PHI includes diagnoses, treatments, test results, prescription history, and any information relating to individual health or healthcare. Municipal relevance includes paramedic services handling patient information, public health programs collecting health data, and employee benefit programs managing medical information. Proper handling of PHI requires secure storage, limited access on need-to-know basis, and appropriate consent for disclosure. Breaches of PHI can result in significant penalties.