Diabetes is a chronic medical condition where the body cannot properly process blood sugar (glucose), either because the pancreas produces insufficient insulin (Type 1) or because cells don't respond effectively to insulin (Type 2). Uncontrolled blood sugar causes serious health complications including heart disease, kidney damage, vision loss, and nerve damage. Type 1 diabetes typically develops in childhood and requires insulin injections. Type 2, the more common form, is often associated with lifestyle factors and can sometimes be managed through diet, exercise, and oral medications. Diabetes care in Canada is covered by provincial health insurance, though medication and supplies coverage varies. Public health initiatives focus on prevention through promoting healthy lifestyles, and researchers continue developing better treatments. Indigenous communities in Canada experience disproportionately high diabetes rates, representing a significant health equity concern.