A physical examination (also called a checkup or wellness exam) is a routine medical assessment where healthcare providers evaluate overall health through observation, palpation, and various tests. Physicals may include measuring vital signs, checking heart and lung sounds, examining body systems, and reviewing medical history. Preventive physical exams help identify health problems early when treatment is most effective. Provincial health insurance typically covers periodic examinations, though recommendations vary on appropriate frequency for healthy adults. Municipalities may require pre-employment physicals for certain positions and regular fitness assessments for jobs with physical demands like firefighting or police work.