Special education (SPED) refers to educational programs, supports, and services designed for students with disabilities, learning differences, or other exceptional needs. Special education encompasses a range of supports from inclusion in regular classrooms with accommodations to specialized programs for students with significant needs. Provincial education ministries establish special education policy, funding formulas, and requirements for Individual Education Plans (IEPs) documenting student needs and accommodations. School boards deliver special education services including educational assistants, specialized instruction, assistive technology, and therapeutic supports. Parents have rights to participate in special education planning. Adequate special education funding is an ongoing concern as school boards balance needs against available resources.