A transcript is an official academic document listing all courses completed, grades received, credits earned, and credentials awarded at an educational institution. Transcripts provide verified academic records for post-secondary applications, employment, professional licensing, and further education. Official transcripts bear institutional seals or signatures and are sent directly to requesting parties. Unofficial transcripts may be accessed by students for personal reference. Grade point averages (GPAs) calculated from transcript grades are common admissions and scholarship criteria. Post-secondary institutions and provincial education ministries maintain transcript services. Transcript fees typically apply. Academic transcripts create permanent records of educational achievement, following students throughout their careers for verification of credentials and qualifications.