Expulsion is the most serious disciplinary action in education, involving removal of a student from school for an extended period or permanently. Expulsion typically results from severe misconduct such as violence, weapons possession, drug trafficking, or repeated serious violations despite other interventions. Provincial education acts and school board policies govern expulsion procedures, requiring due process protections: formal hearings, opportunity to present a defence, and appeal rights. Expelled students often have access to alternative education programs to continue learning. Decisions consider circumstances, the student's history, and potential for rehabilitation. Schools must balance safety of other students and staff against expelled students' education rights. Before expulsion, schools typically attempt lesser interventions—suspensions, counselling, behavior plans. Expulsion rates and racial/socioeconomic disparities in discipline have prompted policy reviews emphasizing prevention and restorative approaches over exclusionary discipline.