The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is Part I of the Constitution Act, 1982, guaranteeing fundamental rights and freedoms to everyone in Canada. Charter rights include fundamental freedoms (expression, religion, assembly), democratic rights (voting), mobility rights, legal rights (due process, against unreasonable search), equality rights (protection from discrimination), and language rights. The Charter applies to all government actions, including municipal decisions. Laws or government actions that violate Charter rights can be struck down by courts. The Charter transformed Canadian law by constitutionally entrenching rights that previously existed only in regular legislation. Charter challenges have shaped policies on everything from abortion to Indigenous rights to LGBTQ+ equality.