A subpoena is a legal document ordering a person to appear in court to give testimony or to produce documents and records relevant to legal proceedings. Subpoenas are issued by courts or authorized legal officials and carry legal consequences for non-compliance, including potential contempt of court charges. There are two main types: subpoenas to testify require personal appearance, while subpoenas duces tecum require production of documents or evidence. Witnesses who receive subpoenas must comply unless they have valid legal grounds for objection. Subpoenas can be issued in criminal cases, civil lawsuits, and various tribunal proceedings. Organizations receiving document subpoenas must preserve and produce responsive records.