Discovery is the pre-trial legal process where parties in a lawsuit exchange relevant information and evidence. This mandatory sharing prevents trial by ambush—both sides must disclose documents, witness lists, and other evidence before appearing in court. Discovery methods include document production (providing relevant records), interrogatories (written questions requiring written answers), and examinations for discovery (oral questioning under oath, similar to American depositions). The process helps parties assess case strength, encourages settlements by revealing evidence, and ensures trials focus on genuine disputes rather than procedural surprises. In Canada, civil litigation rules in each province govern discovery procedures. While discovery adds time and cost to litigation, it supports fair resolution by ensuring all parties have access to relevant facts before trial decisions are made.