A criminal case is a legal proceeding in which the government (represented by Crown prosecutors) prosecutes an individual or organization accused of committing a crime defined in the Criminal Code or other legislation. Unlike civil cases between private parties, criminal cases pit the state against the accused. The prosecution must prove guilt 'beyond a reasonable doubt'—a high standard reflecting the serious consequences of conviction. Criminal cases can result in penalties including fines, probation, imprisonment, and criminal records. Accused persons have constitutional rights including the presumption of innocence, right to counsel, and right to a fair trial. Criminal law is federal jurisdiction, though provinces administer criminal courts.