A settlement is an agreement between parties to resolve a legal dispute without proceeding to trial. Settlements can occur in civil lawsuits, insurance claims, labour disputes, and even some criminal matters (plea bargains). Parties agree on terms—often including payment, actions to be taken, and confidentiality provisions—and sign a settlement agreement ending the dispute. Settlements offer certainty and avoid the costs, time, and risks of trial. Most civil cases settle before trial. Courts encourage settlement through mediation and case conferences. Municipalities regularly settle claims related to property damage, personal injury on municipal property, contract disputes, and employment matters rather than proceeding through expensive litigation.