Biodiversity refers to the variety of life forms within an ecosystem, region, or the entire planet—including diversity of species, genetic variation within species, and diversity of ecosystems. High biodiversity indicates healthy, resilient ecosystems that provide essential services like clean air and water, pollination, and climate regulation. Canada is home to an estimated 80,000 species across diverse ecosystems from arctic tundra to temperate rainforests. Biodiversity loss through habitat destruction, climate change, pollution, and invasive species threatens ecosystem stability. Conservation efforts at all government levels aim to protect biodiversity through protected areas, species-at-risk legislation, and habitat restoration.