Potable water is water that meets health and safety standards for human consumption, meaning it's safe to drink, cook with, and use for personal hygiene. Municipal water treatment plants process raw water from lakes, rivers, or groundwater, removing contaminants and adding disinfectants like chlorine to kill harmful bacteria. Health Canada sets national drinking water quality guidelines, while provinces regulate water systems and municipalities operate them. Regular testing ensures potable water meets standards for bacteria, chemicals, and other substances. Access to safe potable water is considered a basic public health necessity and a core municipal responsibility.