The Alberta Energy Regulator (AER) is the provincial agency responsible for overseeing oil, gas, coal, and pipeline operations in Alberta. The AER issues permits for energy projects, monitors compliance with environmental and safety regulations, and can shut down operations that violate rules. Given Alberta's significant petroleum industry, the AER plays a crucial role in balancing economic development with environmental protection. It handles everything from approving drilling applications to ensuring companies properly clean up and reclaim land when projects end, protecting both public safety and natural resources.