The Quebec sovereignty movement advocates for Quebec to become an independent country, separate from Canada. The movement gained momentum in the 1960s Quiet Revolution and led to two referendums: 1980 (defeated 60-40) and 1995 (narrowly defeated 50.6-49.4). The Parti Québécois and Québec solidaire continue to support sovereignty, though public support has fluctuated. Arguments for sovereignty centre on Quebec's distinct language, culture, and desire for self-determination. Federalists argue Quebec benefits from Canadian federation and shared institutions. The sovereignty debate has profoundly shaped Canadian politics, constitutional discussions, and federal-provincial relations, even in periods of diminished sovereigntist support.