A closed session (or in camera meeting, from Latin meaning 'in chambers') is when council meets privately, excluding the public and media. While council meetings are normally open, legislation permits closed sessions for specific matters: legal advice, land acquisition negotiations, labour relations, personal information about identifiable individuals, and security matters. Going in camera requires a council resolution stating the reason. What occurs in closed sessions remains confidential—councillors cannot disclose discussions. Decisions made in camera often must be ratified in public session. The transparency principle means closed sessions should be exceptions, not routine, with councils expected to conduct public business publicly whenever possible.