An incumbent is the current holder of a political office or position. When elections occur, incumbents running for re-election typically enjoy advantages: name recognition, proven record (for better or worse), established campaign infrastructure, fundraising networks, and the ability to use their office for visibility. The phrase "incumbent advantage" describes the statistical reality that incumbents are re-elected at high rates. However, incumbency can also be a liability if voters are dissatisfied with performance or seek change. Campaign coverage often frames races as "incumbent vs. challenger." In municipal elections, incumbent councillors and mayors frequently win re-election, though turnover varies by community and circumstances. When incumbents don't seek re-election (open seat races), elections often become more competitive with multiple strong candidates. Understanding incumbency helps citizens evaluate electoral dynamics and the factors that shape who runs and who wins.