Resurfacing (or repaving) is the process of applying a new layer of asphalt or other material over an existing road surface to restore smoothness and extend road life. Unlike full reconstruction that rebuilds the road base, resurfacing addresses surface deterioration like cracks, ruts, and potholes without replacing underlying structure. Resurfacing is more cost-effective than reconstruction when the road base remains sound. Municipalities prioritize roads for resurfacing based on pavement condition assessments, traffic volumes, and available budget. Regular resurfacing extends road life significantly. Timing matters—resurfacing too late, after base damage occurs, may require expensive reconstruction instead.